Competition law

Competition law regulates how businesses may behave in the market.

Explained – what is competition law?

Competition law is the field governing corporate behaviour to ensure a well-functioning market and prevent restrictive practices. It prohibits anti competitive agreements (including cartels; see cartels definition), abuse of a dominant position and unlawful concentrations. In Sweden the area is primarily governed by the Competition Act (2008:579) and, at EU level, by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). We operate and support clients across Europe.

When does competition law become relevant?

Questions arise when businesses plan cooperation, mergers or act in ways that may restrict competition. This includes procurement scenarios, price cooperation (price fixing definition), bid rigging meaning, or allocating markets between competitors. Investigations by authorities and court proceedings may follow infringements. Understanding what is competition law helps organisations identify risk early.

Business executives shaking hands during a deal, illustrating competition law and antitrust compliance.

Practical points on competition law

Organisations should work proactively to ensure compliance with applicable rules. The measures below support practical implementation and reduce exposure.

  • Adopt internal guidelines governing permissible cooperation with competitors, including information exchange competition law safeguards.
  • Provide training for senior management and staff on the foundations of competition law and what is competition law in practice.
  • Avoid sharing competitively sensitive information that could influence price or market allocation.
  • Conduct risk assessments for acquisitions and mergers, including merger control and cartel formation meaning red flags.
  • Keep a clear record of business decisions and the rationale for strategic choices.
  • Monitor developments in case law at both EU and national level, including abuse of dominance examples.
  • Involve legal expertise in major transactions to manage the importance of competition law for execution and integration.

A structured approach reduces the risk of infringements and the significant administrative fines that may follow. It also supports competition law and innovation by keeping markets open and contestable.

Frequently asked questions on competition law

In Sweden, the primary statute is the Competition Act (2008:579), aimed at preventing restrictive agreements and abuse of a dominant position.

EU competition rules apply where conduct affects trade between Member States and may restrict competition, for example in cross-border mergers.

Introduce internal guidelines, train staff and seek commercial law advice. Key steps include:

  • Avoid price cooperation (price fixing definition) and market allocation.
  • Document all strategic decisions.
  • Conduct risk assessments for major transactions.

It promotes lower prices, better quality and broader choice. It also prevents dominant firms from exploiting their position through, for example, exclusionary or exploitative practices.

Common infringements include cartels, abuse of a dominant position and unlawful concentrations. These can result in high fines and reputational damage.

Competition law regulates market behaviour by businesses, whereas public procurement governs how public bodies purchase goods and services. Both promote openness and fairness but have distinct legal frameworks.

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